Prevalence and Clinical Patterns of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) in Italian and Turkish Children Aged 6–16: an epidemiological comparative cross-sectional study

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ABSTRACT

Aim

To define MIH prevalence, HSPM co-presence, and delineate MIH/HSPM clinical patterns in Italian and Turkish children.

Background

Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) are worldwide spread developmental enamel defects, with an increasing number of cases.

Methods

840 children (390 Italian, 450 Turkish) aged 6-16 years old were examined by two calibrated dentists. MIH and HSPM were diagnosed according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. HSPM co-presence was evaluated in MIH-affected children having at least one second primary molar (SPM). The MIH/HSPM charting format for primary and permanent dentitions (long form) was used to record hypomineralised teeth.

Results

The study sample comprised 97 MIH-affected subjects (50 Italian, 47 Turkish) with a mean age of 9.29 ± 2.4 years. The overall MIH prevalence was 11.54% and 60.31% of MIH-affected subjects had at least one HSPM. The associations between MIH, HSPM and restorations as well as between MIH and post-eruptive breakdown were significant. Significant differences were found between Italy and Turkey in the distribution of MIH lesions severity, and in the treatment needs for molars and lower incisors.

Conclusion

MIH prevalence was similar in Italy and Turkey; HSPM was lower in Turkish children. More epidemiological standardised studies on large cohorts of subjects are needed.

Study Design

Two-center cross-sectional observational study.

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