Orthodontic treatment needs in an urban Iranian population, an epidemiological study of 11-14 year old children

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ABSTRACT

Aim

A preliminary study to investigate the orthodontic treatment need and its gender distribution in urban Iranian
schoolchildren. Study design: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the school premises. SUBJECTS AND

Methods

For this survey, 502 subjects attending 6 different schools in the city of Isfahan, Iran (253 females and 249 males, aged 11-14
years) were randomly selected and examined, including those who were wearing an orthodontic appliance at the time of the
survey (1 female and 5 males). IOTN (DHC and AC) scores were recorded for those who were not undergoing orthodontic
treatment. One examiner, who had been formally calibrated in the use of occlusal indices, screened all schoolchildren. IOTN
scores was calculated from direct examination. Gender dimorphism was evaluated by the Chi-square test (AC and DHC
components of IOTN index). The prevalence of most severe occlusal traits in those who scored DHC 4 and 5 was calculated.

Results

At the time of the survey, 1.1 of subjects were wearing an orthodontic appliance, 36.1 had
definite need (DHC 4 or 5) for orthodontic treatment, 20.2 borderline need (DHC 3) and 43.8 showed slight
or no need for treatment (DHC 1 or 2). Reviewing the AC scores, 17.9 of the studied subjects showed definite need
(AC 8-10) for orthodontic treatment, 36.1 borderline need (AC 5-7) and 46 showed slight or no need for
treatment (AC 1-4). The prevalence of the four most severe occlusal traits in those with definite orthodontic treatment need
were: severe maxillary crowding (43.6), increased overbite (39.1), increased overjet (35.8) and
severe mandibular crowding (27.4). No gender differences were found for AC (P>0.05) and DHC (P>0.05) of IOTN
index.

Conclusion

Approximately one-third of Iranian school children were in need of orthodontic treatment, as
determined by the index of orthodontic treatment need

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