External apical root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment: a review of the literature

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ABSTRACT

Aim

External apical root resorption is a common consequence of orthodontic treatment. A number of treatment-
related factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of root resorption in orthodontic patients; however recent evidence
suggests that genetic factors also play a major role in the development of this condition. Herein, we review prevalence,
diagnosis and aetiology of root resorption with a particular emphasis on the effectS of genetic variation and orthodontic
forces, as well as discuss effective prevention strategies.

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