The Role of Neuroplasticity in the Integration of Orthodontics and Myofunctional Therapy Part 2

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ABSTRACT

Methods

A narrative review of the literature was performed focusing on the structural, neuromuscular, and neurophysiological components of the orofacial region. Evidence regarding cranial nerve involvement, sensorimotor integration, autonomic regulation, respiratory influences, and functional activities such as breathing, swallowing, mastication, and parafunctional behaviors was analyzed to explore the biological rationale for integrated therapeutic approaches.

Results

The findings indicate that the orofacial complex functions as a dynamic and interconnected unit regulated by continuous interactions between peripheral anatomical structures and central neural pathways. Functional disturbances may influence craniofacial development, while structural anomalies can lead to compensatory neuromuscular adaptations. Neuroplasticity emerges as a fundamental mechanism underlying both orthodontic and myofunctional interventions, as controlled mechanical forces and targeted functional training can modulate neural circuits, facilitate adaptive motor patterns, and improve the long-term stability of therapeutic results.

Conclusion

Recognising the bidirectional relationship between structure and function within a neuroplastic framework supports a multidisciplinary therapeutic model involving orthodontists and myofunctional therapists. The integration of mechanical correction with neuromotor re-education may enhance functional rehabilitation, optimise treatment stability, and contribute to overall patient health and systemic well-being.

Purpose

This critical review aims to examine the anatomo-functional complexity of the orofacial system and to clarify the complementary role
of orthodontic and myofunctional therapies in the management of orofacial dysfunctions, with particular emphasis on neuroplastic mechanisms influencing treatment outcomes.

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